Question 1: What are the effects of smoking? Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for This essay will base on the general effects of smoking tobacco and cigarette on a person’s appearance which is the way the person look. Smoking affects the skin, mouth, eye and hair. Generally, smokers are seven pounds smaller in weight than non-smokers. Therefore, People battling with weight gain start smoking because they want to loose weight. They find a
Health effects of tobacco - Wikipedia
Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history. Research has focused primarily on cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke contains more than 70 chemicals that cause cancer. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine causes physical and psychological dependency. Cigarettes sold in underdeveloped countries tend to have higher tar content, and are less likely to be filtered, potentially increasing vulnerability to tobacco smoking related disease in these regions. Tobacco use is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. from tobacco use per year outnumber the number of workers employed in the tobacco industry by 4 to 1. Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs.
Smoking is a major risk factor for infections like pneumoniaheart attacksstrokeschronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD including emphysema and chronic bronchitisand several cancers particularly lung cancercancers of the larynx and mouthsmoking effects essay, bladder cancer smoking effects essay, and pancreatic cancer. It also causes peripheral arterial disease and high blood pressure, smoking effects essay. The effects depend on the number of years that a person smokes and on how much the person smokes.
Starting smoking earlier in life and smoking cigarettes higher in tar increases the risk of these diseases, smoking effects essay. Also, environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, has been shown to cause adverse health effects in people of all ages. Several countries have taken measures to control the consumption of tobacco with usage and sales restrictions as well as warning messages printed on packaging. Additionally, smoke-free laws that ban smoking in public places such as workplaces, theaters, and bars and restaurants have been enacted to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke.
In the late s and the s, the idea that tobacco use caused some diseases, including mouth cancers, was initially widely accepted by the medical community. Case-control studies were published in Nazi Germany in andand one in the Netherlands inbut widespread attention was first drawn by five case-control studies published in by researchers from the US and UK. These studies smoking effects essay widely criticized as showing correlation, not causality. Follow up prospective cohort studies in the early s clearly found that smokers died faster, and were more likely to die of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history. The coughing, throat irritation, and shortness of breath caused by smoking have always been obvious. Texts on the harmful effects of smoking tobacco were recorded in the Timbuktu manuscripts, smoking effects essay. Pipe smoking gradually became generally accepted as a cause of mouth cancers following work done in the s. An association between a variety of cancers and tobacco use was repeatedly observed from the late s into the early s. An association between tobacco use and vascular disease was reported from the late s onwards. Gideon Lincecuman American naturalist and practitioner of botanical medicine, wrote in the early 19th century on tobacco: "This poisonous plant has been used a great deal as a medicine by the old school faculty, and thousands have been slain by it.
It is a very dangerous article, and use it as you will, it always diminishes the vital energies in exact proportion to the quantity used — it may be slowly, smoking effects essay, but it is very sure. The s invention of automated cigarette-making machinery in the American South made it possible to mass-produce cigarettes at low cost, and smoking became common. This led to a backlash and a tobacco prohibition movement, which challenged tobacco use as harmful and brought about some bans smoking effects essay tobacco sale and use. Isaac Adler was the first to strongly suggest that lung cancer is related to smoking. tobacco lowers the whole tone of the body and decreases its vital power and resistance tobacco acts like a narcotic poison, like opium, and like alcohol, though usually in a less degree".
Prior to World War Ilung cancer was considered to be a rare disease, which most physicians would never see during their career. From the s onwards, associations of tobacco use with cancers and vascular disease were regularly reported. He also argued that tobacco smoking effects essay was the best way to explain the fact that lung cancer struck men four or five times more often than women since women smoked much less[18] and discussed the causal effect of smoking on cancers of the liver and bladder. It may be suggested that the chief reason that the subject has smoking effects essay so little attention from members of the medical profession is that the majority of them as of the general community practice smoking in one form of smoking effects essay, and do not wish to inquire too closely into smoking effects essay habit in defense of which so much smoking effects essay be said from the hedonistic but so little from the hygienic standpoint.
Rolleston JD July doi : More observational evidence was published throughout the s, and inScience published a paper showing that tobacco users live substantially shorter lives. It built a survival curve from family history records kept at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. This result was ignored or incorrectly smoking effects essay away. An association between tobacco and heart attacks was first mentioned in ; a large case—control study found a significant association inbut avoided saying anything about cause, on the grounds that such a conclusion would cause controversy and doctors were not yet ready for it. Official hostility to tobacco use was widespread in Nazi Germany where case-control studies were published in and Another was published in the Netherlands in A case-control study on lung smoking effects essay and smoking, done in by Franz Hermann Müllerhad serious weaknesses in its methodology, but study design problems were better addressed in subsequent studies.
These studies were widely ignored. Five case-control studies published in by researchers from the US and UK did draw widespread attention. Preliminary report", by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill[30] [14] and the Wynder and Graham Studyentitled "Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma: A Study of Six Hundred and Eighty-Four Proved Cases". These two studies were the largest, and the only ones to carefully exclude ex-smokers from their nonsmokers group. The other three studies also reported that, to quote one, "smoking was powerfully implicated in the causation of lung cancer". The case-control studies clearly showed a close link between smoking and lung cancerbut were criticized for not showing causality.
Follow-up large prospective cohort studies in the early s showed clearly that smokers died faster, and were more likely to die of lung cancer, cardiovascular diseaseand a list of other diseases which lengthened as the studies continued [14]. The British Doctors Studya longitudinal study of some 40, smoking effects essay, doctors, began in Inscientists at the Sloan-Kettering Institute in New York City demonstrated that cigarette tar painted on the skin of mice caused fatal cancers. The Reader's Digest published an article entitled "Cancer by the Carton". On January 11,the United States Surgeon General 's Report on Smoking and Health was published; this led millions smoking effects essay American smokers to quit, the banning of certain advertising, and the requirement of warning labels on tobacco products.
These results were first widely accepted in the medical community, and publicized among the general public, in the mids. The health effects of smoking effects essay have been significant for the development of the science of epidemiology. As the mechanism of carcinogenicity is radiomimetic or radiological, the effects are stochastic. Definite statements can be made only on the relative increased or decreased probabilities of contracting a given disease. For a particular individual, it is impossible to definitively prove a direct causal link between exposure to a radiomimetic poison such as tobacco smoke and the cancer that follows; such statements can only be made at the aggregate population level. Tobacco companies have capitalized on this philosophical objection and exploited the doubts of clinicians, who consider only individual cases, on the causal link in the stochastic expression of the toxicity as actual disease.
There have been multiple court cases against tobacco companies for having researched the health effects of tobacco, but having then suppressed the findings or formatted them to imply lessened or no hazard. After a ban on smoking in all enclosed public places was introduced in Scotland in Marchthere was a 17 percent reduction [ when? Smoking most commonly leads to diseases affecting the heart and lungs and will commonly affect areas such as hands or feet, smoking effects essay. First signs of smoking related health issues often show up as numbness in the extremities, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attackschronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPDemphysemasmoking effects essay, and cancerparticularly lung cancercancers of the larynx and mouthsmoking effects essay, and pancreatic cancer.
Among male smokers, the lifetime risk of developing smoking effects essay cancer is This risk is significantly lower in nonsmokers: 1. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is related to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked, smoking effects essay. Smoking 20 cigarettes a day entails a higher risk, but not proportionately. If someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their body is repaired, smoking effects essay. A year after quitting, the risk of contracting heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker. Risks vary according to the amount of tobacco smoked, with those who smoke more at greater risk. Smoking so-called "light" cigarettes does not smoking effects essay the risk.
Smoking is the cause of about 5 million deaths per year. In the United States, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke accounts for roughly one in five, [55] or at leastpremature deaths annually. It is estimated that there are between 1 and 1. In fact, cigarette factories are the most deadly factories in the history of the world. Share of deaths from smoking, [62]. The number of deaths attributed to smoking perpeople in [63]. The primary risks of tobacco usage include many forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer[65] kidney cancer[66] cancer of the larynx and head and neck[67] [68] bladder cancer[69] cancer of the esophagus[70] cancer of the pancreas [71] and stomach cancer. SCLC may originate from neuroendocrine cells located in the bronchus called Feyrter cells.
The risk of dying from lung cancer before age 85 is The corresponding estimates for lifelong nonsmokers are a 1. In smoking, long term exposure to compounds found in the smoke e. Inhalation of tobacco smoke causes several smoking effects essay responses within the heart and blood vessels. Within one minute the heart rate begins to rise, increasing smoking effects essay as much as 30 percent during the first 10 minutes of smoking. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke exerts negative effects by reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Smoking also increases the chance of heart diseasestrokeatherosclerosissmoking effects essay peripheral vascular disease. According to a study by an international team of researchers, people under 40 are five times more likely to have a heart attack if they smoke, smoking effects essay.
Exposure to tobacco smoke is known to increase oxidative stress in the body by various mechanisms, including depletion of plasma antioxidants such as vitamin C. Recent research by American biologists has shown that cigarette smoke also influences the process of cell division in the cardiac muscle and changes the heart's shape. The usage of tobacco has also been linked to Buerger's disease thromboangiitis obliteransthe acute inflammation and thrombosis clotting of arteries and veins of the hands and feet. Although cigarette smoking causes a greater increase in the risk of cancer than cigar smoking, cigar smokers still have an increased risk for many health problems, smoking effects essay, including cancer, smoking effects essay, when compared to non-smokers.
second-hand smoke produced is sufficient to be a health concern for those regularly required to work in those environments. Smoking tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the ratio of high-density lipoprotein HDL, also known as the "good" cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein LDL, also known as the "bad" cholesterol tends to be lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking also raises the levels of fibrinogen and increases platelet production both involved in blood clotting which makes the blood thicker and more likely to clot. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin the oxygen-carrying component in red blood cellsresulting smoking effects essay a much stabler complex than hemoglobin smoking effects essay with oxygen or carbon dioxide—the result is permanent loss of blood cell functionality.
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cancer of the esophagus. Furthermore, lung and heart get the effect from smoking too. Smokers are at greater risk of lung cancer and smoking causes atherosclerosis, or hardening of the File Size: KB The Physical Effects Of Smoking Words | 5 Pages. Physical effects of smoking The physical effects of smoking are smokers cough this is when the lining of your cilia is damaged Generally, smokers are seven pounds smaller in weight than non-smokers. Therefore, People battling with weight gain start smoking because they want to loose weight. They find a
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